角速度传感器误差校正研究

某角速度传感器的输入与输出成近似线性关系,测量输出的电压值即可得到目标运动的角速度。为了提高测量的精度,通过对角速度传感器零位和灵敏度的误差进行校正,可得到更为精确的目标运动角速度。实验表明,该校正方法能有效提高角速度传感器的测量精度,有一定的实用性。     

提高交接计量精度 降低管输原油损耗

介绍了管道输油单位工艺流程和油量计算,通过收、销油参数的对比,分析了标准器具、环境、人员等引起管输原油差量的原因,提出了如何通过采取流量计系数交接、同时加强对收、销油在体积、密度、含水等参数的监督,来提高原油交接计量精度,降低管输原油损耗。     

A model of person‐pay interaction: how executives vary in their responses to compensation arrangements

A wealth of research indicates that both executive characteristics and incentive compensation affect organizational outcomes, but the literatures within these two domains have followed distinct, separate paths. Our paper provides a framework for integrating these two perspectives. We introduce a new model that specifies how executive characteristics and incentives operate in tandem to influence strategic decisions and firm performance. We then illustrate our model by portraying how executive characteristics interact with a specific type of pay instrument—stock options—to affect executive behaviors and organizational outcomes. Focusing on three individual‐level attributes (executive motives and drives, cognitive frame, and self‐confidence), we develop propositions detailing how executives will vary in their risk‐taking behaviors in response to stock options. We further argue that stock options will amplify the implications of executive ability, such that option‐heavy incentive schemes will increase the performance of talented executives but worsen the performance of low‐ability executives. Our framework and propositions are meant to provide a starting point for future theorizing and empirical testing of the interactive effects of executive characteristics and incentive compensation on strategic decisions and organizational performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Controlling the Urban Fabric: The Complex Game of Distance and Proximity in European Upper‐Middle‐Class Residential Strategies

This article presents an open discussion of the processes of urban secession and gentrification in contemporary European cities, arguing that intergroup social dynamics in urban spaces are generally more complex than either extreme mutual avoidance or the colonization of neighbourhoods by the wealthiest groups. We analyse the residential strategies of urban upper‐middle class managers in various European metropolitan areas through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews to argue that these groups develop complex strategies of proximity and distance in relation to other social groups. The development of these ‘partial exit’ strategies takes place through specific combinations of practices that allow groups to select the dimensions they are willing to share with other social groups, and those in which they prefer a more segregated social environment for themselves and their families. The responses of our interviewees were consistently more nuanced and complex than suggested by a simplistic theory about their drive to withdraw from society, forcing us to develop more sophisticated conceptual frameworks to account for the growing prevalence of multi‐layered identities and spheres of reference and solidarity, specific combinations of elective segregation and local involvement, and more active patterns of mobility combined with local embeddedness.     

A number‐of‐modes reference rule for density estimation under multimodality

We consider kernel density estimation for univariate distributions. The question of interest is as follows: given that the data analyst has some background knowledge on the modality of the data (for instance, ‘data of this type are usually bimodal’), what is the adequate bandwidth to choose? We answer this question by extending Silverman's idea of ‘normal‐reference’ to that of ‘reference to a Gaussian mixture’. The concept is illustrated in the light of real data examples.     

非抽样误差函数的构建——基于抽样框缺陷基础上的讨论

使用不准确的抽样框是抽样调查中产生非抽样误差的一个主要原因。本文运用概率统计方法分析三类有缺陷的抽样框对抽样方差的影响，构建三类抽样框缺陷下的非抽样误差函数，为进一步定量分析抽样框缺陷与非抽样误差的关系提供依据。     

社会经济调查中整群抽样的应用及误差处理方法

本文从技术上探讨了整群抽样在社会经济调查中的适应性及其基本运用,重点分析了整群抽样在实施过程中的误差问题,指出并分析了总体的变异效应、群体效应、单位比率变异度的效应、群体规模效应和偏差效应等五种因素对整群抽样的误差的影响方式和特点,并分析了各种情况下的具体处理方法。     

我国就业影响因素实证研究——基于JJ协整模型与ECM模型的分析

本文使用索洛模型为基础的变化模型研究我国就业量的影响因素,引入国民生产总值、城市化率、居民消费水平、历年全社会固定资产投资、第三产业增加值为解释变量做实证研究,建立时间序列分析模型,并通过各变量间的JJ协整关系模型与误差修正模型说明各因素对就业的长短期影响,结果表明长期内我国国内生产总值对就业总量有显著地正向拉动作用,城市化率与就业总量有显著地负相关关系,居民消费水平长期内与就业总量成正相关关系,第三产业增加值与就业总量有微弱的负相关关系,短期内我国就业总量受到自身滞后期的正向冲击且需要外力拉动。在此结论基础上本文尝试提出了相关政策建议。     

Beauty is the promise of happiness?

We measure the impact of individuals' looks on life satisfaction and happiness. Using six data sets, from Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we construct beauty measures in a number of different ways. Beauty raises happiness: A one standard-deviation change in beauty generates about 0.08 standard deviations of additional satisfaction/happiness among men, 0.07 among women. The finding is robust to a rare opportunity to measure it using an instrumental variables approach. Accounting for a wide variety of covariates, particularly educational, marital, and labor-market outcomes that might be affected by beauty, the gross effects are roughly halved, with small reductions arising from the impact of beauty on monetary outcomes.     

A Framework for Reconsidering the Lake Wobegon Effect

The Lake Wobegon Effect (LWE) describes the potential measurement-error bias introduced into survey-based analyses of education issues. Although this effect potentially applies to any student-report variable, the systematic overreporting of academic achievements such as grade point average is often of preeminent concern. This concern can be easily circumvented if official records data are available; however, many researchers can only access student-reported data. In this article, the authors examine whether using student-survey data in place of official records data meaningfully biases regression estimates. They motivate their contribution by noting a useful statistical feature of overreporting on bounded variables such as grade point average. Specifically, the misreports will be negatively correlated with the true grade point average, yielding a form of nonclassical measurement error that actually counteracts the bias. The authors connect this observation to reliability ratios used in labor economics, which are simple ways to adjust for attenuation bias, when needed. In two applications, we find that it is unnecessary to correct for the LWE bias because it is so small.